Which wheat species cultivated in india

Under normal circumstances, row spacing is 20 cm. In early sowing, rows should be kept 23 cm apart and in late sowing the rows should be kept 18 cm apart. The coleoptile of dwarf varieties of wheat is on average 5 cm long, so the depth of sowing should not be more than 5 cm otherwise the shoots do not come out. An average cm depth is ideal for wheat sowing.

Wheat is sown in different parts of the country by different methods depending on the conditions there. The method of sowing wheat is mainly selected on the basis of soil moisture content, available labour facilities and type of cultivation. Broadcasting method- This method requires more seed than another sowing method.

In this method of sowing the amount of moisture must be enough in the field. Dibbling- Sowing with dibbler, required less seeds than another methods of sowing. FIRB method- This new method of sowing is furrow irrigated raised bed system.

The amount of manure depends on the varieties of wheat, irrigation facility, method of sowing, type of manure and type of land etc. In general the amount of manure can be given as follows-. Complete amount of heavy organic fertilizers should be used one and a half month before sowing of crop, oil cakes should be used 1 week before sowing and fertilizers should be used at the time of sowing.

Half quantity of nitrogen and full quantity of phosphorus and potash should be given at the time of sowing and remaining half quantity of nitrogen should be given by Top dressing at the time of first irrigation of crop.

If a mixture of good quality micronutrients is used in the wheat crop, then good yield can be obtained. At the time of sowing, Fertilizers should be placed cm below and cm in the side of the seed. If possible, the quantity of manures and fertilizers should always be given after getting the soil tested. Irrigation is of special importance for the dwarf varieties of wheat.

It is necessary to irrigate the crops at certain critical stages of the cropping period. These critical stages of irrigation are as follows:. In this stage we irrigate the crop days after sowing. On an average 5 cm of water is applied in one irrigation.

Thus, about hectare cm of water is required for one cropping period of dwarf varieties of wheat. Monocot weeds Narrow leafed - Phalaris minor also known as Genhu ka mama , and wild oat Avena fatua is the main broad-leafed weed of wheat crop.

These chemicals show more effect when there is more moisture in the field. Therefore, the most suitable stage of spraying is after the first irrigation when the field becomes walkable. If it rains at the time of irrigation and there is sufficient moisture, then spraying can be done without irrigation.

Dicot weeds Broad-leafed weeds - Chenopodium album, Anagallis arvensis, Melilotus spp. Control — To control these types of weeds, spray appropriate amount of ,D per hectare in liters of water. To control broadleaf and narrow leaf weeds spraying of chemicals is more effective days after sowing. Early sown species are ripe after days after sowing and late sown species days after sowing.

Your email address will not be published. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Skip to content wheat origin Wheat cultivation is being practiced in the world since very ancient times. Botanical classification of wheat Botanical Name- Triticum aestivum L. Climate for wheat cultivation Wheat is mainly a crop of temperate climate.

Rainfall for wheat cultivation Wheat is cultivated in areas with annual rainfall of 25 cm to cm. Temperature and Humidity Wheat is a cool season crop, it requires different temperatures at different stages. Minimum- 3. Suitable Soil for wheat cultivation Loamy land is best for wheat cultivation. Land Preparation for wheat crop The amount of various agricultural activities to prepare the field for sowing wheat crop mainly depends on the type of land, crop rotation and available facilities.

The various activities performed at the time of field preparation have the following objectives: To make the land more friable so that germination can take place well and the seeds can be sown at the same depth and at the same spacing.

Weeds can be completely destroyed from the soil. The heavy manures and green manures used in the field can be mixed well in the soil. Seed and seed rate Seed should always be sown certified and of such species which is suitable for the conditions of the area to be sown. Spacing- Under normal circumstances, row spacing is 20 cm.

Time of sowing- 1st fortnight of November is the best time for wheat sowing. One of the primary requirements of wheat cultivation is that the soil must be free of clods, stones, sand and gravel. Hence, the land must be ploughed at least 3 times during summer before cultivation. The residual crop debris can be burnt in the field itself. Following this the land must be harrowed again during the rainy season to prevent growth of wild plants and weeds.

After this heavy harrowing, a light harrowing is done wherein the rots and stubble are removed. This step is conducted immediately before sowing. However, in case of irrigated crop, the land is not ploughed as many times. Irrigation is done before sowing so that there is adequate amount of moisture when sowing is done. This is done generally before the last round of ploughing. Before sowing, the seeds are treated with 5 gram Trichoderma spores or 5 Kg carbendazim for every 1 Kg seed. Wheat seeds are also given solar treatment so as to avoid diseases like wheat smut on the crop.

There should be a space of 20 cm maintained between the seeds. In case of late sowing the seeds must be soaked overnight in water. Shallow sowing must be done and it should be covered with a thin layer of farm yard manure.

Flood irrigation is the most common type of irrigation followed. Although irrigation is needed only once in every 10 days, it is done only once in every 15 days in case black soil is used for cultivation. On an average about irrigation cycles are needed for wheat since they are ready for harvest within days. In other words, irrigation is provided at the most crucial stages like:.

Major diseases affecting wheat crop are powdery mildew, smut, stem rust, foliar blights, bunts and molya. They can be taken care of by:. When the kernels of wheat plant become hard and the plant turns straw-colored, it is time for harvesting the crop.

Harvesting is usually done manually with a sickle although for vast areas, machines maybe used. The crop is then threshed using thresher or treading with cattle. Once threshing is done, the grains must be dried thoroughly so as to remove all the moisture content. The godown wherein the grains are stored must be fumigated properly.

It must be ensured that the storage places are completely moisture free. Worldwide, wheat is one of the most widely consumed cereal crops followed by rice. Globally, India stands 2nd in wheat production with China in the lead.

Uttar Pradesh is the largest wheat producer in India. Punjab, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh closely follow in wheat cultivation in India. This was definitely insufficient for feeding the Indian population.

Hence India used to import wheat mostly from the US. However, in , the Government of India appointed a Commission that assessed the cause behind the low productivity of wheat. The reasons found were:. Thanks to the Green Revolution that took place in the s, the scenario changed completely and without much delay, India became self-sufficient in wheat production. Remember me. Lost your password? Your personal data will be used to support your experience throughout this website, to manage access to your account, and for other purposes described in our privacy policy.

Farming India May 13, 0 Comments. Information about Wheat Crop Wheat flower Under the botanical classification wheat crop belongs to genus Triticum. Ideal Conditions for Wheat Cultivation in India Climate for Wheat Farming in India Wheat is a widely adaptable crop that can be grown in climates ranging from temperate to tropical and cold northern parts.

Season for Wheat Cultivation in India Wheat, in India, is best grown as a rabi or winter season crop since the conditions during that time are conducive for growth and ensures maximum yield. Soil for Wheat Cultivation Wheat needs soil with a moderate amount of water holding capacity.

Water Requirement Wheat requires mm of water. Crop Rotation Since wheat takes days to mature two crops can be cultivated on the same field. Download Project Reports.